Why Is My Cat Coughing? Causes, Symptoms & When to See a Vet

Coughing in cats can be alarming—especially when it happens often or sounds painful. While an occasional cough might not be serious, repeated or intense coughing can be a sign that something’s wrong. Just like humans, cats can develop respiratory issues that range from mild to life-threatening.

Let’s explore why your cat may be coughing, the warning signs to watch for, and when it’s time to contact your vet.

What Causes Coughing in Cats?

Coughing happens when something irritates your cat’s airways—this includes the throat (trachea), windpipe, or even the lungs. The cough may sound dry, wet, or end with a gagging motion. In some cases, what looks like a cough could actually be something else.

Here are the most common causes of coughing in cats:

1. Hairballs

This is one of the most frequent reasons cat parents notice coughing. But technically, coughing up a hairball is more like vomiting. Still, the gagging and hacking motions are easily mistaken for a cough.

2. Respiratory Infections

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and even parasites can cause respiratory infections. These infections inflame and irritate the airways, causing coughing and sometimes mucus. They may stay in the upper respiratory system or move deeper into the lungs, causing conditions like pneumonia.

3. Feline Asthma

Asthma in cats is caused by inflamed and narrowed airways and excess mucus. This leads to persistent coughing, wheezing, and sometimes labored breathing. Asthma is often triggered by airborne allergens like dust, pollen, or smoke.

4. Heartworms

Although more common in dogs, heartworms can affect cats too—and they often show up with coughing or asthma-like attacks. Cats may react to the immature worms migrating through their body, which can cause severe inflammation. Sadly, sudden death is sometimes the first sign of heartworm disease in cats.

5. Lung or Chest Tumors

Coughing may also be caused by tumors in the lungs or around the chest. These growths can put pressure on airways or cause fluid buildup, making it hard for your cat to breathe normally. Tumors are more common in cats with FeLV or FIV.

Other Symptoms That Could Mean Trouble

If your cat is coughing, keep an eye out for these additional warning signs:

• Runny nose or watery eyes
• Wheezing or noisy breathing
• Labored or rapid breathing
• A hunched posture or signs of pain when breathing
• Blue or pale gums and tongue
• Open-mouth breathing
• Loss of weight
• Coughing up blood
• Sudden collapse

If you notice any of these symptoms, don’t wait. These are often signs of a medical emergency.

When Should You See the Vet?

You should contact your veterinarian if your cat:

• Has a persistent or worsening cough
• Shows signs of illness like nasal discharge or breathing difficulties
• Is open-mouth breathing or gasping
• Has bluish gums or tongue
• Is coughing up blood
• Collapses or appears extremely weak

It’s especially important to seek a professional diagnosis because many conditions can mimic each other. For example, heartworm disease may be mistaken for feline asthma. Only a vet can provide the correct treatment based on your cat’s unique condition.

At-Home Support and Treatments

Before trying anything at home, talk to your vet. The right treatment depends on what’s causing the cough. However, if your vet gives the green light, here are a few supportive remedies that may help:

1. Steam Therapy

A warm, steamy bathroom can help ease mild congestion. Let your cat sit in the bathroom while you take a hot shower to help clear their airways. A humidifier in your home can also help.

2. Antihistamines (Vet-Approved Only)

If allergies are the cause, your vet might suggest over-the-counter antihistamines like chlorpheniramine. Never give your cat medication without veterinary approval.

3. Hairball Remedies

If hairballs are to blame, you can use lubricating gels or treats to help fur pass more easily through the digestive system. Regular brushing also helps reduce hairball buildup.

How to Prevent Coughing in Cats

You can’t always prevent coughing, but these simple steps can reduce the risk:

• Use year-round parasite prevention (especially heartworm prevention)
• Stay on top of vaccinations
• Schedule regular vet checkups
• Avoid smoking indoors
• Don’t use essential oil diffusers near your cat
• Keep chemical sprays away from your pet
• Brush your cat frequently, especially if they have long hair
• Keep your cat indoors to avoid allergens and infections

Final Thoughts

A coughing cat isn’t always a medical emergency, but it should never be ignored—especially if it becomes frequent or is paired with other symptoms. Some causes are simple and treatable, like hairballs or mild allergies. Others, like asthma or heartworms, can be more serious and even life-threatening.

If your cat is coughing, always play it safe. Reach out to your veterinarian to get a diagnosis and peace of mind. After all, your furry friend depends on you to help them breathe easy.